Cheat Sheet

Troubleshooting

When you don’t see any > at the bottom of your console, hitting escape might help. If it doesn’t, clicking the stop sign in the top right corner of the console might help.

You will be able to solve any other problem when you google it.

Shortcuts

Shortcut	Result
`Alt` + `-`	`<-`
`Ctrl`+ `Enter`	Run selected code from Script
`Enter`	Run line of code in Console

Useful packages

dplyr
olsrr
ggplot2
vegan
betapart
FD

Useful functions

Packages

install.packages() - only needs to happen once
library() - needs to happen every session

Loading data

data() - loading data from package
read.csv() - loading data form .csv file. If your data is not displayed as separate columns, explore the use of the sep and dec arguments.

Examining objects

class()
str()
length()
dim()
summary()
head()
tail()
names() or colnames()
ncol()and nrow()
levels()

Checking for special values

is.na()
anyNA()
is.nan()
is.infinite()

Creating objects

c()
vector()
matrix()
list()
data.frame()
cbind() and rbind()

Selecting subsets of objects

When a is a data.frame

a$plot - selects the column from a which is called “plot”
a[,"plot"] - selects the column from a which is called “plot”
a[1,2] - selects the value at the first row, second column
a[,2] - selects the second column as a numeric vector
a[1,] - selects the first row as a numeric vector
a[2] - selects the second column as a data frame

Visualisation

plot()
points()
lines()
pairs()
hist()
boxplots()
par()

Iterating

apply()

Diversity analysis

specnumber()
diversity()
tsallis()
specpool()
specaccum()
betadiver()
beta.pair()
beta.multi()